Noise Removal

Post migration data conditioning can be used to improved data quality. The choice of what steps is totally dependent on the state of the data.

 Wave Equation Based Inversion for Carbonate Reservoir Characterization, Kuwait Wave Equation Based Inversion for Carbonate Reservoir Characterization, Kuwait IMAGE24 · Aug 26, 2024

Radon filter can be used to remove parabolic noise and improve data quality. This can then be followed by multiple suppression as required. Although data dependent, you perhaps want to apply this before normal moveout (NMO) correction.

 Wave Equation Based Inversion for Carbonate Reservoir Characterization, Kuwait Wave Equation Based Inversion for Carbonate Reservoir Characterization, Kuwait IMAGE24 · Aug 26, 2024

Trim statics otherwise referred to as cosmetic uplift to seismic can be useful. These are cheap ways of further improving the data quality. Some of the steps include gather flattening, angle mute and recutting the stacks into smaller angle ranges.

Regularization and Azimuthal Stacking

Regularization, Frequency and Offset Limited Azimuthal Stacking of Gathers

 Wave Equation Based Inversion for Carbonate Reservoir Characterization, Kuwait Wave Equation Based Inversion for Carbonate Reservoir Characterization, Kuwait IMAGE24 · Aug 26, 2024

Azimuthal offset gathers require first that the data is regularised before stacking, as depicted in the necklace plot.

 Wave Equation Based Inversion for Carbonate Reservoir Characterization, Kuwait Wave Equation Based Inversion for Carbonate Reservoir Characterization, Kuwait IMAGE24 · Aug 26, 2024

Analysis show variations of amplitude across different azimuths for individual angles
Overall, low S/N across all azimuth beyond 30°, hence angle mute applied at 33°.
Wider azimuths (>225°) do not recover higher frequencies as much as the narrower azimuths, especially for the higher angles